HICCS 2025

This panel explores cultural and spatial dynamics across borders, examining the "Burma Road" in China's Muslim Northwest, strategies and styles of youth films in the multimedia era, creative collaborations in China-Europe film co-production, and migration's impact on the cosmology of home.

Peng Hai
University of Pittsburg, Assistant Professor

Title:
"Burma Road” in the Muslim Northwest: Centering Borderlands in Kukan

Abstract:
Reemerging as a high-profile patriotic education film at the Chongqing Three Gorges Museum, Kukan: the Battle Cry of China (1941), thanks to a long sequence of air raids descending on China’s war-time capital Chongqing, has greeted the Chinese public since 2015 as the latest documentary evidence of Japanese WWII atrocities after the publications of Iris Chang’s The Rape of Nanking (1991) and The Diaries of John Rabe (1997). The air raids footage, well over ten minutes long, has since animated much popular and academic discussion in China. The Academy award winning documentary has also engendered intense interest in Li Ling-ai, the “technical advisor” of the film, an under-credited creative force behind the film according to Asian Americanist filmmaker Robin lung. However, the “film proper,” in which at least two thirds are set in China’s southwestern and northwestern borderlands, has received no attention in English language reviews. This article focuses its analysis on the images of those borderlands and their indigenous inhabitants. A proper treatment of the bulk of the documentary’s content, I argue, brings to light little-known facts of border-crossings in the China Theater of WWII. These border-crossings, from Burma to Yunnan, Guangxi to Chongqing, Sichuan to Gansu, eastern Qinghai to the Tibetan Plateau, and extradigetically, northwestern China to Soviet Central Asia, foreground the critical role traditionally non-Sinitic parts of China played in sustaining the Chongqing-based Kuomintang regime in the Pacific War years. Aside from providing rare documentary footages on the well-told story of the “Burma Road,” images of the “Asiatic melting pot” of Gansu and Qinghai underline the heretofore unknown history of China’s northwestern Muslim transporters and road builders, who were a sine qua non force in ensuring critical supplies from the Soviet Union could reach Chongqing’s ill-equipped army via the tortuous Qilian mountains and treacherous Yellow River by mule caravans and goat-skin rafters.

Ying Xiao
University of Florida, Associate Professor

题目：
融媒体时代青春片的类型策略、视听风格与跨时空想象

摘要：
作为一种重要的题材类型，中国式青春片自1990年代第六代导演以青春成长为载体的艺术电影到21世纪新媒介时代以IP电影的商业模式迅速崛起历经了一系列的嬗变。文章通过分析青春片的叙事结构、类型元素、和文化症候对21世纪融媒体时代中国电影的青春化、数字化和微转向进行解读，并探讨其类型发展流变过程中与当代中国科技、媒介、社会转型之间的关联。这一类型的融合、拓展及媒介间性也很好的体现在青春片的视听风格上，尤其是对流行音乐类型及音乐能动性的运用上。本文首次聚焦青春片的电影音乐，通过文本细读及对视听风格的剖析，并采纳“娱乐产业乌托邦”、“异托邦”和“无托邦”等概念的比照框架对中国式青春片的类型特征及融媒体时代复杂而多变的影视文化生态网络提出归纳性的阐释和进一步的理论思考。

Mei Yang
University of San Diego, Associate Professor

Title:
Migration, Space, and the Cosmology of Home: A Comparative Perspective

Abstract:
Embarking from The Wandering Earth (2019), China’s first interstellar blockbuster, in which actions of the main characters are prompted by their wish to go home, this paper surveys the homecoming narratives observed in contemporary Chinese films, both commercial hits and art house films. These films include Jia Zhangke’s A Touch of Sin (2013), Zhang Yang’s Shower (1999), Getting Home (2007), Yung-Shing Teng’s Return Ticket (2011) and commercial hits such as Lost on Journey (2010). I also extend beyond Chinese features and examine how the desire for home is represented against the background of transnational economic flow and cross-border labor movements in recent films. In the South Korean drama Way Back Home (2013), Australian film Lion (2016), Taiwanese semi-autobiographical American Girl (2021), and Hollywood productions such as Nomadland (2020) and Tár (2022), migration, social mobility, and the pursuit of freedom become jumbled and in the end all eerily resemble dislocation. To confront that reality, films either affirm the validity of homecoming or refute it with a more resolute exile. These films posit one question that lies at the center of my inquiry, namely, where is home, then?

I highlight two Chinese filmmakers, Li Ruijun, and Bi Gan, whose answers through the river scenes in their films are revelatory. Li’s River Road (2014) and Return to Dust (2022) tell of marginalized individuals searching for, returning

This panel examines the interplay between media, culture, and storytelling in China, exploring the global localization of Genshin Impact, avant-garde animation in 1980s China, digital reading practices of infinite fictions, and the portrayal of capitalists in socialist-era Chinese TV series.

Tianyi Xu
Fudan University, Masters Student

Title:
Born-Translated Chinese Videogame Genshin Impact and its Glocalization

Abstract:
This paper uses Genshin Impact, developed by Chinese game company miHoYo (HoYoverse), as a case study to connect translation theories with game studies, re-examining translation practices in contemporary Sinophone digital media. Genshin Impact has embedded translation into the game production process, enabling players worldwide to access the latest content simultaneously, altering the inherent sequence between original and translated texts to achieve a “born-translated” state. Additionally, unlike traditional localization strategies in the game industry, Genshin Impact demonstrates a path described as “glocalization” through multicultural creation and translation, providing an equal space for world cultures to showcase themselves and challenging the notion that there are dominant and subordinate cultures. The paper concludes that Genshin Impact should not be seen as a machine for cultural export but rather as one of the possibilities for future world literature. The game belongs not only to China but also to the entire world, and its born-translated characteristic and glocalization strategy welcomes players of different races and languages, allowing them to enter its world as a foreign place and engage in a detached mode of cultural experience.

Yan Zhong
University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Lecturer in Chinese

题目：
钟泉艺术动画——80年代新中国文艺复兴背景下的先锋派动画

摘要：
在1992年于夏威夷国际电影节上，美国动画家大卫艾力克向美国观众正式介绍了七部中国艺术动画电影，其中两部是艺术动画代表人物钟泉的剪纸动画片《牛冤》与水墨动画片《雁阵》。
1978年中国改革开放以后出现了10年的文艺繁荣。在胡耀邦的文艺路线指导下，在改革开放后中国电影界的经济红利推动下，一种独特的国有经济支持下的文化创新活动在中国出现。当时国务院（现中共中央）电影局的经济支持下，在国务院文化部的宽松政策默许下，中国文化解出现了前所未有的繁荣，人们称之为“新中国文艺复兴的十年”。
长春电影制片厂美术分厂在这一波的文化红利中脱颖而出，在上海美术片的支援协作下，开始利用中央政府的政治经济政策，在厂长、导演钟泉的带领下生产了大批具有人文批判精神与艺术创新精神，而忽略市场需求的先蓬派艺术动画片。从1986年《象虎》、1987年的《鹰》（提名中国电影金鸡奖）、1989年的《牛冤》（获得华表奖）、1990年的《雁阵》（获得中国电影金鸡奖）等无不显示出艺术表现形式的创新与政治思维模式上的深刻反思。
在短暂的政治开放与经济红利双重加持下的动画片创新思潮迅速崛起也快速消。失然以动画家钟泉为代表的艺术院校背景的团队在21世纪迅速占领了中国动画教育产业。
他们充满人文情怀与艺术创新的制作形式成为中国动画教育的主流，在这种先锋派人文艺术动画教育的影响下，千禧一代的中国动画人开始在动画甚至电子游戏领域逐渐创造出令世界瞩目的艺术奇迹。

Chengxi Yin
Duke Kunshan University, Undergraduate Student

Title:
Gaining Pleasure in Infinite Game Worlds: Digital Reading Practices of Infinite Fiction in China

Abstract:
Infinite fiction is a popular genre of Chinese online literature characterized by protagonists navigating through various survival games in distinct small worlds with horror elements. This study examines the audiences’ fascination with this popular media by focusing on their evaluations and motivations for reading this genre. Drawing on audience research, this study challenges the textual determinism model that assumes a fixed meaning in media texts. The study combines both textual analysis of 11 infinite fiction novels with thematic analysis of in-depth semi-structured interviews with 24 readers. This analysis highlights the active role of readers in their discerning criteria and preferences for evaluating satisfactory and unsatisfactory infinite fiction, as well as their active immersion, recognition, and engagement of media texts. Moreover, the findings also expand on Ang’s (1991b) argument in Watching Dallas, demonstrating that despite differences in media and content, audience perceptions and engagement with popular media share notable similarities. By examining infinite fiction through an audience-based perspective, the study provides insights into the evolving dynamics of digital reading practices in contemporary China.

Zhaoxi Liu
Department of Communication, Trinity University, Associate Professor and Carlos Augustus de Lozano Professor of Journalism

Title:
Portraying Capitalists in Socialist China: Investor Characters in Chinese TV Series

Abstract:
Chinese TV shows frequently featuring capitalists and their agents is self-contradictory in a perceived socialist country with a Communist goal of eliminating capitalism. Such a problematic is resolved, this analysis shows, via the work of ideology that is unique to the Chinese context. A close examination of the portrayal of capitalists in a few popular Chinese TV series reveals that these capitalists are not greedy, selfish, and cheating investors portrayed in American movies. Instead, the Chinese investors are socially responsible, honorable, and nationalist noble men. Such a particular construct of investors is shaped by Confucianism and nationalism, the dominant ideologies in today’s China. This analysis demonstrates how ideology shapes popular culture representation within specific context.

本中文论坛聚焦文学与文化在特定历史情境中的发展与传承。

Tsun-Chiu Lui
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ph.D Student

题目：
冷戰結構、情感政治與抒情傳統——論古蒼梧的言志詩學

摘要：
針對過去西方冷戰研究集中於美國與蘇聯為首的兩大陣營之間的政治、軍事鬥爭，近年學界轉向關注冷戰結構在亞洲的運作機制，以及在地行動者如何在其中發揮主體性，藉此重審冷戰在亞洲的意義與影響。香港的殖民歷史處境形塑了其獨特的冷戰經驗，英國殖民政府一方面容許不同意識形態陣營在港的宣傳與對抗，另一方面又對它們施予嚴密監察以維繫殖民管治，由此在香港構成以失語與政治壓抑為表徵的冷戰感覺結構。

參照學界近年研究成果，本文以情感為進路，探討香港重要詩人古蒼梧（古兆申，1945-2022）1960至1970年代的文學與政治活動。古蒼梧早年接受中國古典文學的訓練，1960年代期間曾在《中國學生周報》、《盤古》等多份香港文化刊物介紹古典文學理論。1970年，古蒼梧應邀參加美國愛荷華大學（The University of Iowa）國際寫作計劃（The International Writing Program），期間遭遇北美保衛釣魚台運動，此後政治與文學思想均轉向社會主義中國。本文首先考察古蒼梧如何以現代心理學重新闡發中國抒情傳統，建立自身的「言志」詩學，回應香港的冷戰處境；繼而追踪古蒼梧的政治思想與抒情詩學在1960至1970年代期間的流變，觀察過程中抒情與政治之間的辯證張力。通過古蒼梧的案例，本文希望發掘在冷戰結構之下，情感可能具有的超越潛能。

Hailey Mak Hiu Lam
Chinese Language and Literature, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Philosophy in Chinese Language and Literature

题目：
自我民俗誌：論魯迅中晚期的記憶書寫與歷史革命

摘要：
自由與生命進化之複雜關係，是魯迅及研究者畢生思求的大哉問。本文認為，通過提取個體回憶中的民俗文化資源，魯迅對民族的文化記憶進行了一次歷史革命：個體回憶通過文學敘事轉化成被敘述的、世代生成的歷史記憶，新編了僵化的正史。魯迅在生命的中晚期，藉著視覺化的「虛構記憶創造」，將「民俗」文化轉化為聯繫「自我」與「民族」的媒介，讓讀者於「看與被看」的視覺互文中得以「夕拾」原初文化的「朝花」。自此，回憶書寫即變成實踐的過去：主動對民俗歷史進行敘事建構，從而將個人的生命記憶和生命哲學植根於民族生命價值進化的過程，賦予歷史以當下性。不但綿延了花果凋零的民俗文化，更在寫作中化合個體自由意志與民族進化意識，以文學重新把握——救贖歷史。本文將以新歷史主義文化詩學的眼光，析論《朝花夕拾》和《故事新編》中記憶與歷史的創造性轉換——從個人、民俗到民俗（族），從生命記憶到文化記憶，從記憶書寫到歷史革命；進而論證魯迅如何用文學實現「意志自由」與「民族進化」的有機連帶，創作出「自我民俗誌」的藍圖。要之，「自我民俗誌」不只是人類學定義的新興民族誌體式，更表徵著魯迅與民俗文化、民族歷史記憶相互作用所產生的文化政治。

Yanjun Liu
Wuhan University & City University of Hong Kong, Ph.D Student

题目：
经典生成的复杂性――以俞平伯新诗集《冬夜》、《西还》的迥异命运为例

摘要：
俞平伯是中國白話新詩創作的先驅者之一，他的首部新詩集《冬夜》於1922年3月由上海亞東圖書館印刷發行，一經問世便引起熱議，並多次再版，在現代新詩史（1917-1949）上確立了其經典地位。但與此形成鮮明對比的，則是他的另一部詩集《西還》。《西還》是俞平伯的第二部新詩集，於1924年4月首次出版，自其首次出版後，該詩集未曾再版或重印，在往後的學術討論中也未引發關注，在新詩史的敘述中，《西還》也處於邊緣化的地位。
但有趣的是，俞平伯本人對兩本詩集的評價，卻和詩集的經典化程度恰成反比。他認為《冬夜》這一本「小小的集子，充滿了平庸蕪雜的作品」，對於《冬夜》的再版他則表示受之有愧：「如《冬夜》這樣信筆拈來的作品，竟有再版底機緣；這不但令我感到不安寧的愧赧，更似有人語我，這種愧心於你也是僭妄的。」但與之相反的是，對於在新詩史上沒有留下多少迴響的《西還》，他卻表示「我倒特別的喜愛它呢」。《冬夜》受熱捧，俞平伯卻認為其「充滿了平庸蕪雜的作品」，而受到冷遇的《西還》，他卻反倒「特別的喜愛」。
為何「信筆拈來」的《冬夜》成為經典，作者本人喜愛的《西還》卻不為世所知？同一作者的作品經典化程度為何有如此大的差異？作品經典化的要素是甚麼？透過重審非經典文學作品，探究文學作品經典化軌跡和對作品經典化的構建歷程，有助於我們重思經典化標準，揭示文學經典構建過程的複雜性。

This panel explores the intersections of gender, sexuality, and societal change in China, examining the challenges and transformations of queer identities in a transnational context, the evolution of the "New Woman" through the writings of Wu Ruonan, and the complex interplay of public opinion, media, and judiciary in the 1935 Liu Jinggui case.

Yingying Jiang
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Researcher on the European project 'Dealing with a Resurgent China (DWARC)' at the Center for East Asian Studies, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.

Title:
Queer in China: challenges and transformations in a transnational context

Abstract:
The term queer has historically been stigmatized in the English-speaking world as an insult. However, following the HIV/AIDS crisis in the 1980s and 1990s, activists appropriated this insult to turn it into a critique of normativity. In this context, the queer movement not only includes gender and sexual dissidents who resist dominant heterosexual values and norms, but also critically examines identity politics and questions the binary between homosexuality and heterosexuality, as well as the exclusionary processes that arise both within and outside the gay and lesbian movement. It is important to note that queer theory is inseparable from its struggles, as it draws strength from the social movement and its political agenda. The term queer theory was first mentioned by Teresa de Lauretis in 1990, in her critique and resistance against the normative institutionalization of lesbian and gay studies. In this sense, Warner (1993) adds that queer refers to an anti-normative stance that questions the regimes of the normal that produce exclusion and inclusion, and therefore, it is both a theoretical stance and a political position that claims resistance to a broad and complex field of normativities, which manifest differently in each cultural and political context.

Starting from the genealogy of the term queer, this paper analyzes its transformation in the context of the People's Republic of China, as well as queer Chinese activism from a transnational perspective, to demonstrate that queer subjectivities and politics are a field of constant negotiation, treated in peculiar ways between institutions such as the state, activist and academic sectors and individuals, and shaped also by local and transnational conditions.

The methodology of this research is based on fieldwork conducted in Madrid and other European cities between 2022 and 2024, using participant observation with the Chinese diaspora collective and Chinese queer and feminist activists. Direct participation in their political activities is also incorporated into the analysis. In addition to ethnographic work, the analysis of primary and secondary sources in English, Spanish, and Chinese concerning queer and feminist movements in China is applied.

Shuhui Yin
Macau University of Science and Technology, Assistant Professor

Title:
New Woman” as “Nüshi” and “Nora”: A Case Study of Wu Ruonan’s Woman Writing

Abstract:
Wu Ruonan, identifying herself as a “Nüshi”, actively voiced herself in Chinese vernacular publications since late nineteenth century, and engaged in political and cultural activities as one of the earliest female members of Tongmenghui of China. After the 1911 Revolution in China, she advocated for Chinese modern families of monogamy with her theories and practices. Among which, Wu directly involved with the translations of the “Ibsen Special Issue” of the journal La Jeunesse, contributing to the discourse of “Nora” in rethinking and reshaping women’s possible identities in the family, nation and society. “Nüshi”, originated from Chinese cultural traditions of intellectuals, together with the introducing ideas of “Nora”, constructed a new societal identity of “New Woman” in late nineteenth and early twentieth century China under Wu Ruonan’s woman writing. By analyzing texts, para-texts and intertextuality regarding to Wu Ruonan’s voices and practices, this research will decode the possibilities and also the “weakness” of her “New Woman”.

Yujie Zhu
Jilin University, Ph.D Student

Title:
"The Triple Entanglement and Response of the Public, Media, and Judiciary: A Reexamination of the Liu Jinggui Case of 1935

Abstract:
In 1935, China was colloquially referred to as the "Year of Women's Issues," marked by a surge in incidents involving women's suicides, homicides, and murders, such as the suicide of Ruan Lingyu, the shooting of Liu Jinggui, and the revenge of Shi Jianqiao. Among these, the case of Liu Jinggui shooting Teng Shuang falls into the category of crimes of passion, with its sensational nature and the involvement of female criminality appealing to the public's curiosity. Notably, the three principal figures—Liu Jinggui, Lu Ming, and Teng Shuang—belonged to the intellectual elite, with Lu Ming and Teng Shuang both recognized as outstanding national athletes. Their public identities as members of the intellectual and athletic classes drew significant societal attention to the case, making Liu Jinggui's crime of passion a nationwide sensation. This period coincided with the Nanjing National Government's vigorous promotion of the New Life Movement and judicial reforms, thus the evaluations of Liu Jinggui and the trial of his case became intertwined with the construction of "national discourse," serving as a crucial lens through which to examine the process of community formation during the Republican era.
Recent scholarly research on the Liu Jinggui case，these studies primarily focus on the discussions surrounding "emotion" or "chastity" in public opinion and the judiciary, while neglecting the interplay and dynamics among Liu Jinggui's personal narrative, media coverage, judicial proceedings, and government intervention under the dual discourses of "reform" and "reconstruction." Therefore, this paper aims to build upon previous research by examining the Liu Jinggui case from three perspectives: social opinion, governmental regulations, and judicial discretion. It seeks to clarify the representation of Liu Jinggui across different levels, analyze the gender perceptions and conflicts among various groups during this period, and explore their differing perceptions and practices regarding the New Life Movement and judicial reforms. Through this analysis, I intend to understand the relationship between media, society, and the judiciary in the 1930s, elucidating how the Republican government utilized, transformed, and controlled public opinion and the judiciary to unify public sentiment, legal adjudication, and political ideology, thereby advancing the process of "social community," disciplining individuals, shaping citizens, and consolidating the authority of the Kuomintang during the Nanjing National Government era.

This panel explores contemporary issues in China, focusing on the mapping of Islam in the country, digital solutions for elder care within China’s smart aging policies, and the implications of mapping wilderness areas for the management of wilderness travel.

Chao Wang
Shaanxi Normal University, University of Guelph, Associate Professor

Title:
Review and Outlook: a proposal for mapping Islam in China

Abstract:
The digital religion is an important trend in contemporary web-based background. The Electronic Information Technology and the geography of religion are combined to analyze how religions undergo change and spread, and describe the processes and conditions of the diffusion of religious believers. According to a review on digitalization and mapping religions in China, Author tries to outlook and make proposal for mapping Islam in China. The author believes that the amount of the religious sites are important metrics on analyzing distribution and change of religions in China. Meanwhile, the study on the digital Islam in China should include in other variable factors, such as the sects, site scales, demographics, ethnic groups, and all necessary factors to show the changing process of Islam in China.

Huiyang Zhang
University of Sheffield, Ph.D Student

Title:
Digital Solutions for Elder Care: China's Smart Ageing Policies and Practices

Abstract:
The convergence of digitalisation and demographic ageing presents profound opportunities and challenges for societies worldwide. On the one hand, digital technology has significantly enhanced the lives of older people, bringing numerous conveniences to their daily activities, such as personalised shopping services tailored to individual preferences, remote healthcare that reduces time wastage, and smart homes that facilitate ageing-in-place. Digital technologies are increasingly used as communication platforms, as vehicles of care provision (e.g., care robots), and as monitoring devices. On the other hand, the socio-economic development status of different countries affects the extent to which older people receiving care benefit from these technologies. Expensive use costs, varying levels of digital literacy, cultural resistance, and lack of adequate digital care provision pose challenges to the widespread integration of digital technology in the elder care sector.

Although interdisciplinary ageing research is extensive in developed countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan, such studies are still in their infancy in developing countries like PR China. Due to increased life expectancy and rapidly declining fertility rates, the Chinese government, operating within a special socio-economic context of “growing old before getting rich”, is actively promoting and guiding “Smart Health Elderly Care” initiatives.

Then how does the Chinese government integrate digital technologies into elder care services, which care processes have been digitalised and by whom? How does the use of smart elder care at the local level compare to the policy expectations set by the central government? This study aims to answer these questions by combining a thematic and content analysis of official Chinese documents (policies, laws, press releases, etc.) and semi-structured qualitative interviews. These interviews were conducted in care institutions that involved managers and care workers, and in the government from the central to the local level with government officials. By doing so, this study analyses the practice of digital elder care in China from both policy and practical perspectives, offering insights into industry trends and examining how technological empowerment in the elder care industry potentially exacerbates pre-existing socio-economic imbalances.

Yue Cao
Tsinghua University, Associate Professor

Title:
Mapping Wilderness Areas and Its Implication for Managing Wilderness Travel in China

Abstract:
The concept of wilderness is gaining traction in China, driven by the need to conserve biodiversity and provide authentic outdoor experiences. This study presents an integrated approach to mapping wilderness areas across China, employing both Boolean overlay and Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) methods. The Boolean method identifies discrete wilderness patches based on land use, distance from settlements and roads, while the WLC model evaluates the relative wilderness quality within these patches using indicators such as biophysical naturalness and remoteness. The resultant wilderness map reveals over 86,000 patches covering approximately 42% of China's terrestrial area, with significant portions lying outside existing protected areas, highlighting conservation gaps. This research underscores the importance of wilderness mapping for planning wilderness travel that aligns with conservation objectives. Balancing wilderness protection with the growing demand for wilderness travel requires strategic planning, informed by the spatial data provided by this mapping effort. The study also calls for case studies to demonstrate effective wilderness travel management, ensuring sustainable practices that do not compromise the integrity of these pristine areas. By integrating spatial data with on-the-ground management strategies, this research aims to contribute to the sustainable development of wilderness travel in China, while preserving the ecological and experiential values of its wild landscapes.

This panel explores the intersection of culture, innovation, and religion in Chinese intellectual history.

Xiaoning Yang
Tsinghua University, Ph.D Student

题目：
论“综合创新”的文化观——以张岱年、成中英为例

摘要：
在中国近现代的思想文化流变中，张岱年先生主张文化“综合创新”，其哲学理论在于“唯物、理想、解析，综合于一”，立足中国本位博采众长创造新文化，体现了中国近现代思想史中的思想激荡，中、西、马的交汇与合一，力图在哲学思想上对处于文化转型期、面临内忧外患困境、社会变革风雷激荡的中国，开出一剂引领实践的思想良方。基于比较哲学的视角，成中英先生的本体诠释学，吸取了《易经》的精华，主张“和谐化的辩证法”，对于“中国哲学的重建”与“中国哲学的现代化与世界化”也提出了独到见解，“综合”就是体认不同的事物与观点以达到一个整体思考并表现出一个整体的秩序，“创造”则是有意识的提出整合不同事物的了解及不同观点的思维和认识，须将综合的创造与创造的综合融为一体，赋予中国哲学所包容的人生与人性之经验与体验以理性的语吉与理性的表达方式，方能为世界做出普遍性的贡献。两者的思想有相通之处，可来对比论证分析东西古今的“综合创新”的文化观之流变。

Peter Boros
Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest & University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Ph.D Student, Fulbright Visiting Student Researcher

Title:
Taixu on Christianity. Corpus analysis of the master’s Collected Works

Abstract:
As one of the key Chinese Buddhist reformers of his time, Master Taixu’s 太虛 works have been analyzed through numerous angles. One topic, however, received less scholarly attention so far. This is his understanding of Christianity. A few analyses have been written in Chinese and English addressing the topic, notably the works of Darui Long, Yu-Shuang Yao and Richard Gombrich, as well as Xue Yu 學愚, Wang Ying 王鹰 and Zhang Jingde 張金德. However, these analyses mostly focus on one particular aspect of the master’s approach, such as his criticism of Christian theology, or Christianity’s practical features he incorporated into his own reforms. Xue Yu provides an excellent account of the evolution of the master’s views, however that account can also be augmented. Therefore, this paper and the author’s broader work sets out to fill this crucial gap in the literature and provide a comprehensive account of Master Taixu’s views and understanding of Christianity. This particular paper would present the results of the author’s recent research conducted jointly with a data scientist colleague, which set out to analyze the Collected Works of Master Taixu 太虛大師全書 in relation to Christianity, utilizing corpus analysis. In our analysis, we segmented the complete corpus into 5 million Chinese characters, and after reassembling them into words, sentences, paragraphs and chapters, we could launch inquiries into the mentions of Christianity within the corpus. The main results of the analysis are as follows. We located all texts, writings and speeches, where the master mentions Christianity. These number a surprisingly high amount, namely 264 individual texts out of the 1447 total, which is the largest amount compared to the mentions of other religions besides Buddhism within the corpus. The differences in his discussion of various religions also became apparent through the analysis of key words he used in relation to them. For Christianity, what stood out, was the prominent mentioning of philosophy, science and research, which was lacking in the discussions of other religions. Then, we also determined the dates when the texts on Christianity were produced and established a timeline demonstrating the results. This timeline clearly shows when Taixu focused more on Christianity, such as right after his yearlong European and North American journey. Finally, we also collected the spatial information regarding half of all texts in the corpus, including all text about Christianity, and thus could create a series of maps which present when and where Taixu wrote his articles and gave his speeches regarding Christianity compared to the entirety of his works. These maps, we also uploaded to a webpage to enable further research on the topic open access, which the author would present at the conference as well. Hence, the author strongly believes that the present paper could contribute to the scholarly discussion regarding Master Taixu’s views and the increased understanding of Buddhist–Christian dialogue in early 20th century China.

Hsiao-Hui Chang
Center for General Education at Chung Yuan Christian University, Assistant Professor

Title:
Exploring Lao She’s Christian Faith through His Literary Creation

Abstract:
In 1922, Lao She (1899-1966, originally named Shu Qingchun, and courtesy name Sheyu) was baptized as a Christian at the Gangwashi Church of Beijing. After embracing faith, he chose the courtesy name “Sheyu”(舍予), which not only splits his surname “Shu”(舒) into two parts but also embodies the spirit of self-sacrifice found in Jesus Christ. Subsequently, all his writings on Christianity were signed “Shu Sheyu.” It is noteworthy that Lao She placed greater emphasis on the establishment of the church in China than on the spiritual development of Christians. Scholars have described this type of believer as “social evangelicals,” characterized by a patriotism that outweighs their devotion to God. They believed in demonstrating the concrete contributions of religion to society through secular means. This perspective led to another value: prioritizing “this life” over “eternal life.” Lao She not only expressed this viewpoint in his writings on religion but also explored the balance between the two through various characters in his novels. This paper will first examine Lao She’s considerations regarding the balance between “nation” and “Lord” in his plans to build a Chinese church. It will then elaborate on his interpretations and applications of biblical texts, and finally analyze his multifaceted views on Christianity through his literary works.